New OpenSSH Flaw in GSSAPI Authentication Can Trigger SSH Process Crashes

A newly discovered vulnerability in OpenSSH is putting several Linux distributions at risk, allowing attackers to crash SSH processes with a single malicious packet.

The flaw, tracked as CVE-2026-3497, affects systems that use the GSSAPI Key Exchange patch and could allow unauthenticated attackers to trigger denial‑of‑service conditions and cross privilege boundaries.

Security researcher Jeremy Brown originally discovered the issue,

which was later disclosed to the open-source security community by Canonical security engineer Marc Deslauriers.

The vulnerability primarily impacts Linux distributions such as Ubuntu and Debian that include the GSSAPI Key Exchange patch in their OpenSSH packages.

Root Cause of the Vulnerability

The issue originates from an error in the error-handling logic within the GSSAPI Key Exchange (KEX) server loop.

When an error occurs, the code mistakenly calls the function sshpkt_disconnect() instead of the intended ssh_packet_disconnect().

This difference is critical. The ssh_packet_disconnect() function is designed to terminate the connection immediately, while sshpkt_disconnect() only queues a disconnect message and allows the program to continue running.

Because the process is not properly terminated, the program falls through to a default error-handling path.

During this process, the code reads an uninitialized stack variable called recv_tok. The contents of this variable are then sent to the privileged root monitor process using Inter‑Process Communication (IPC).

The variable is subsequently passed to the function gss_release_buffer(), which attempts to free memory using the value stored in the uninitialized variable.

Since the pointer contains unpredictable data, the system attempts to call free() on a garbage memory address, leading to severe memory corruption and immediate process crashes.

Attackers can exploit this flaw without authentication, making it particularly dangerous for internet-facing SSH servers.

Key exploitation characteristics include:

• Zero-click exploitation: Attackers only need to send a specially crafted SSH packet of roughly 300 bytes. No credentials or user interaction are required.
• Reliable denial-of-service: The flaw consistently crashes the SSH child process, typically causing segmentation faults (SIGSEGV) or abort signals (SIGABRT) on x86_64 systems.
• Service disruption: Each crash can trigger a temporary SSH lockout period of approximately 90 seconds.
• Privilege separation concerns: Up to 127 KB of potentially sensitive heap memory may be sent across privilege boundaries to the root monitor process.

The exact contents of the leaked memory depend on factors such as compiler settings, optimization levels, and build flags, which influence the stack layout during execution.

The vulnerability primarily affects Linux environments where OpenSSH is built with the GSSAPI Key Exchange patch.

Systems are vulnerable if the GSSAPIKeyExchange option is enabled in the SSH server configuration.

Ubuntu and Debian servers are the most commonly impacted because they include this patch in their packaged OpenSSH builds.

Patch and Mitigation

Canonical maintainers have already released a patch to fix the issue. The correction involves replacing the incorrect sshpkt_disconnect() call with the proper ssh_packet_disconnect() function at three vulnerable server-side locations within the kexgsss.c source file.

Administrators are strongly advised to update their OpenSSH packages as soon as patches become available through their distribution’s security updates.

For systems that cannot be patched immediately, administrators can mitigate the risk by disabling the GSSAPIKeyExchange option in the SSH daemon configuration.

This prevents the vulnerable code path from being triggered and protects systems until official updates are applied.

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